Translation
1. O mankind! Be dutiful to your Lord, Who created you from a single person (Adam), and from him (Adam) He created his wife [Hawwa (Eve)], and from them both He created many men and women and fear Allah through Whom you demand your mutual (rights), and (do not cut the relations of) the wombs (kinship) . Surely, Allah is Ever an All-Watcher over you.
2. And give unto orphans their property and do not exchange (your) bad things for (their) good ones; and devour not their substance (by adding it) to your substance. Surely, this is a great sin.
3. And if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphan-girls, then marry (other) women of your choice, two or three, or four but if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one or (the captives and the slaves) that your right hands possess. That is nearer to prevent you from doing injustice.
4. And give to the women (whom you marry) their Mahr (obligatory bridal money given by the husband to his wife at the time of marriage) with a good heart, but if they, of their own good pleasure, remit any part of it to you, take it, and enjoy it without fear of any harm (as Allah has made it lawful).
5. And give not unto the foolish your property which Allah has made a means of support for you , but feed and clothe them therewith, and speak to them words of kindness and justice.
6. And try orphans (as regards their intelligence) until they reach the age of marriage; if then you find sound judgement in them, release their property to them, but consume it not wastefully, and hastily fearing that they should grow up, and whoever amongst guardians is rich, he should take no wages, but if he is poor, let him have for himself what is just and reasonable (according to his work). And when you release their property to them, take witness in their presence; and Allah is All-Sufficient in taking account.
Tafseer
Allah created Hazrat Adam himself and created Hazrat Hawa from the rib of Hazrat Adam. From these two Allah continued all future generations of mankind. This ayat explicitly denies the evolution theory which states that man has evolved from apes. All humanity is one big family because the parents are the same for everyone – Hazrat Adam and Hazrat Hawa, so breaking ties with one other is like breaking ties with family which is strictly forbidden. The entire humanity is being commanded to obey Allah, the Lord Who created mankind and Who provides sustenance for all. So only Allah Almighty should be feared and no one else. When an orphan becomes mature then the guardian should hand over all his possessions, wealth and property to him and be honest in this i.e. should not devour any part of the wealth of the orphan, should not exchange the good quality possessions of the orphan with his low quality ones (example in those days possessions and wealth included animals so it was forbidden that an orphan’s good quality animals be replaced with sick and weak animals. The orphan should get his possessions in whatever original form they are), their possessions should not be mixed with your own with the intention of wrongfully devouring his rights (for instance if the orphan’s wealth is jointly invested in some business than the orphan should get his share of profit). Devouring the rights of an orphan is a great sin.
If a person believes that he cannot be fair to an orphan girl then he shoudnt marry her rather he should marry any other woman he likes and he can marry 4 women at the most, given that he is able to do justice to all 4. In case he feels he cannot be just to all 4 and might get inclined towards one of the 4, then he should marry just one woman. Being unjust to an orphan girl in terms of marriage can be :
The word ‘foolish’ may refer to feeble minded people, people who are mentally unsound, to wives who are not sensible when it comes to spending money, relatives and others who do not have the sense to spend money sensibly and it may also refer to orphans who are not mature and sensible enough to put their money to good use. In such cases the men are being told to avoid handing over their money to them and rather to feed them good food, provide them with the necessities of life and fulfill their needs and if they complain about not being given any money then speak kindly to them. This ayat tells us that immature and insensible people should not be handed over money because they might waste it and this wastage is disliked by Allah because wealth and money is a source of fulfilling the needs of the world and religion both.
The last ayat explains that when an orphan has become mature enough to handle his wealth and possessions then it should be handed over to him after being sure of his level of intelligence and sensibility. This ayat is primarily for the guardians of the orphans where they are also being commanded to efficiently manage the orphan’s wealth and even while spending this wealth on the orphan’s daily needs,they should spend sensibly and not overspend and waste money. If the guardian is rich he should not take any compensation for his effort and work involved in managing the orphan’s wealth and looking after him. But in case he is poor he is allowed to take a just and fair compensation for his efforts. And when the guardian releases the orphan’s wealth and property to him, he should appoint 2 witnesses to avoid a conflict of any sort later on.
1. O mankind! Be dutiful to your Lord, Who created you from a single person (Adam), and from him (Adam) He created his wife [Hawwa (Eve)], and from them both He created many men and women and fear Allah through Whom you demand your mutual (rights), and (do not cut the relations of) the wombs (kinship) . Surely, Allah is Ever an All-Watcher over you.
2. And give unto orphans their property and do not exchange (your) bad things for (their) good ones; and devour not their substance (by adding it) to your substance. Surely, this is a great sin.
3. And if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphan-girls, then marry (other) women of your choice, two or three, or four but if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one or (the captives and the slaves) that your right hands possess. That is nearer to prevent you from doing injustice.
4. And give to the women (whom you marry) their Mahr (obligatory bridal money given by the husband to his wife at the time of marriage) with a good heart, but if they, of their own good pleasure, remit any part of it to you, take it, and enjoy it without fear of any harm (as Allah has made it lawful).
5. And give not unto the foolish your property which Allah has made a means of support for you , but feed and clothe them therewith, and speak to them words of kindness and justice.
6. And try orphans (as regards their intelligence) until they reach the age of marriage; if then you find sound judgement in them, release their property to them, but consume it not wastefully, and hastily fearing that they should grow up, and whoever amongst guardians is rich, he should take no wages, but if he is poor, let him have for himself what is just and reasonable (according to his work). And when you release their property to them, take witness in their presence; and Allah is All-Sufficient in taking account.
Tafseer
Allah created Hazrat Adam himself and created Hazrat Hawa from the rib of Hazrat Adam. From these two Allah continued all future generations of mankind. This ayat explicitly denies the evolution theory which states that man has evolved from apes. All humanity is one big family because the parents are the same for everyone – Hazrat Adam and Hazrat Hawa, so breaking ties with one other is like breaking ties with family which is strictly forbidden. The entire humanity is being commanded to obey Allah, the Lord Who created mankind and Who provides sustenance for all. So only Allah Almighty should be feared and no one else. When an orphan becomes mature then the guardian should hand over all his possessions, wealth and property to him and be honest in this i.e. should not devour any part of the wealth of the orphan, should not exchange the good quality possessions of the orphan with his low quality ones (example in those days possessions and wealth included animals so it was forbidden that an orphan’s good quality animals be replaced with sick and weak animals. The orphan should get his possessions in whatever original form they are), their possessions should not be mixed with your own with the intention of wrongfully devouring his rights (for instance if the orphan’s wealth is jointly invested in some business than the orphan should get his share of profit). Devouring the rights of an orphan is a great sin.
If a person believes that he cannot be fair to an orphan girl then he shoudnt marry her rather he should marry any other woman he likes and he can marry 4 women at the most, given that he is able to do justice to all 4. In case he feels he cannot be just to all 4 and might get inclined towards one of the 4, then he should marry just one woman. Being unjust to an orphan girl in terms of marriage can be :
· Having no interest in the orphan girl but marrying her just for her wealth
· Marrying an orphan girl with the intention that since you are already her guardian so you can evade paying the mehr.
And it has been made obligatory on men to pay the mehr to their wives at the time of the nikah and to do so whole-heartedly and if the wife relinquishes the mehr on her own accord without any force, then it’s the mutual decision between the husband and wife and if she on her own will gifts a part or whole of the mehr to her husband then he should take it willingly and gladly because Allah has made it lawful.The word ‘foolish’ may refer to feeble minded people, people who are mentally unsound, to wives who are not sensible when it comes to spending money, relatives and others who do not have the sense to spend money sensibly and it may also refer to orphans who are not mature and sensible enough to put their money to good use. In such cases the men are being told to avoid handing over their money to them and rather to feed them good food, provide them with the necessities of life and fulfill their needs and if they complain about not being given any money then speak kindly to them. This ayat tells us that immature and insensible people should not be handed over money because they might waste it and this wastage is disliked by Allah because wealth and money is a source of fulfilling the needs of the world and religion both.
The last ayat explains that when an orphan has become mature enough to handle his wealth and possessions then it should be handed over to him after being sure of his level of intelligence and sensibility. This ayat is primarily for the guardians of the orphans where they are also being commanded to efficiently manage the orphan’s wealth and even while spending this wealth on the orphan’s daily needs,they should spend sensibly and not overspend and waste money. If the guardian is rich he should not take any compensation for his effort and work involved in managing the orphan’s wealth and looking after him. But in case he is poor he is allowed to take a just and fair compensation for his efforts. And when the guardian releases the orphan’s wealth and property to him, he should appoint 2 witnesses to avoid a conflict of any sort later on.
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