TRANSLATION
74. Then, after that, your hearts were hardened and became as stones or even worse in hardness. And indeed, there are stones out of which rivers gush forth, and indeed, there are of them (stones) which split asunder so that water flows from them, and indeed, there are of them (stones) which fall down for fear of Allah. And Allah is not unaware of what you do.
75. Do you (faithful believers) covet that they will believe in your religion inspite of the fact that a party of them (Jewish rabbis) used to hear the Word of Allah [the Taurat (Torah)], then they used to change it knowingly after they understood it?
76. And when they (Jews) meet those who believe (Muslims), they say, "We believe", but when they meet one another in private, they say, "Shall you (Jews) tell them (Muslims) what Allah has revealed to you [Jews, about the description and the qualities of Prophet Muhammad Peace be upon him , that which are written in the Taurat (Torah)] , that they (Muslims) may argue with you (Jews) about it before your Lord?" Have you (Jews) then no understanding?
77. Know they (Jews) not that Allah knows what they conceal and what they reveal?
78. And there are among them (Jews) unlettered people, who know not the Book, but they trust upon false desires and they but guess.
79. Then woe to those who write the Book with their own hands and then say, "This is from Allah," to purchase with it a little price! Woe to them for what their hands have written and woe to them for that they earn thereby.
80. And they (Jews) say, "The Fire (i.e. Hell-fire on the Day of Resurrection) shall not touch us but for a few numbered days." Say (O Muhammad Peace be upon him to them): "Have you taken a covenant from Allah, so that Allah will not break His Covenant? Or is it that you say of Allah what you know not?"
81. Yes! Whosoever earns evil and his sin has surrounded him, they are dwellers of the Fire (i.e. Hell); they will dwell therein forever.
82. And those who believe (in the Oneness of Allah - Islamic Monotheism) and do righteous good deeds, they are dwellers of Paradise, they will dwell therein forever.
83. And (remember) when We took a covenant from the Children of Israel, (saying): Worship none but Allah (Alone) and be dutiful and good to parents, and to kindred, and to orphans and Al-Masakin (the poor), and speak good to people [i.e. enjoin righteousness and forbid evil, and say the truth about Muhammad Peace be upon him ], and perform As-Salat (Iqamat-as-Salat), and give Zakat. Then you slid back, except a few of you, while you are backsliders.
Explanation
so far we have seen 3 prominent traits in the attitudes of Bani Israel:1. They went back on their promise and broke the convenant with Allah, openly refusing to believe His signs and ayats.
2. Pretending to be innocent they would engage in cunning plans in an attempt to fool Allah- example the saturday incident of the fishermen
3.engage in unnecessary questioning to avoid /delay the command - example the incident of the cow sacrifice
because of these three traits their hearts hardened like rocks infact even rocks provide some form of benefit but expecting any goodness from these people with such hard hearts was out of question. there are rocks from which springs of pure water gush out and then there are rocks which come rolling and tumbling down(landslides) in fear of God but the people who engage in the above mentioned acts have hearts harder than even the rocks but Allah is aware of their deeds and actions. He knows everything. This verse implies that even something as hard rocks fear Allah and bow down before Him but people who engage in such acts their hearts are even harder than the rocks so their attitude can be well imagined.
people with hard hearts are the farthest away from Allah.Soft hearted people who outwardly look strong but when the words of Allah are recited or when in remembrance of Allah their tears come out ( the first example - like there are stones out of which rivers gush forth). then there are people who are far from Allah but an incident or an accident opens up their hearts and brings them closer to Allah (the second example - indeed, there are of them (stones) which split asunder so that water flows from them). such incidents bring them on the right path and closer to Allah. and lastly there are people who outwardly seem arrogant but it comes to the Greatness of Allah and His Supremacy they become humble and bow down before Him (the third example - indeed, there are of them (stones) which fall down for fear of Allah).
very beautifully Allah explained the different attitudes of people by giving examples of rocks indicating that even the non living things have a certain level of understanding and intelligence and the man is the Ahsraful Makhlooqaat yet he acts so foolishly .Nothing is hidden from Allah but no incident not even the sacrifice of the cow (the sacrifice actually turned out to be a benefit for them as the actual murderer was revealed) opened their eyes and gain Hidayat (guidance). Rather they turned away.
Holy Prophet (pbuh) has said that to soften the hearts read the Quran regularly and remember death.
in the 2nd ayat Allah says that Bani Israel used to listen to the word of Allah through Torah,zaboor and Injeel and then they would change the words in it and ultimately their meaning. even though they understood and knew the truth yet their scholars would change the meanings for worldly benefits. So Allah says that how will they listen to the religion of Holy Prophet(pbuh) when they changed the meaning of their own religion. when this is what they did to their own religion then what will they do to the religion brought through someone from outside their tribe. today their books represent hardly any truth and even now every year a new version of their books come out implying constant changes to the original word of Allah.
there were some Munafiqs(hypocrites) among these yahoods. when they met the Muslims they claimed to be a staunch believer of their religion and when they met in private they would ask each other that are you telling the Muslims about that which Allah has told us? (this refers to the knowledge regarding the arrival of the Holy Prophet pbuh. The Bani Israel knew about this yet they refrained from telling the Muslims.) And they said to each other that don't tell the Arabs about this otherwise they will conflict against us (bani israel) in front of Allah that the Jews knew and did not tell the Arabs.
among these Bani Israel were some uneducated people as well who had no knowledge of the Torah and hence they were the easy preys to misguidance. they lived on their desires and their desires were derived from what the scholars had misguided them with like absolutely insane methods for "easy ways to get to Jannah", "free entry to Jannah" etc. through such false stories the scholars misguided the people claiming it to be the word of Allah. A severe consequence is for those who write the Book of Allah with their own meanings and then say its the word of Allah just for some insignificant worldly benefits.
these people gave priority to the word of the scholars as opposed to what Allah actually said in His Book. They blindly listened and believed and acted on what was told to them without trying to determine if its actually Allah's words. When the rich people of their nation came across some problem or difficulty they would bribe the scholars to give a solution or decision in their favour potraying it to be the word of Allah. the scholars would receive money for misguiding people like this.
The Bani Israel said that the hell fire wont touch them for more than a few days. some said that their life on this earth is for 7000 years so if they are supposed to go to hell then for every year they would go to Hell for just one day. Some said that they worshipped the calf for 40 days so they would go to Hell for 40 days because they were under the illusion that they are "the chosen people" so Hell wont touch them. So Allah asks them that has He promised them any such thing? If He has then He never goes against His promise but they need to show an evidence of what they say has been promised to them.
Allah then made it clear to them in the next two ayats that who will be the dwellers of the Heaven and the Hell, respectively. Allah says that whoever has earned evil and is surrounded by his sins then he will go to Hell and will stay there forever. On the other hand, those who believed and did good deeds will go to Heaven and will stay there forever.
in the last ayat Allah clarifies what exactly is meant by good deeds:
1. Ibadat through four means:
body - prayers, tawaaf
money- zakaat, sadqa
heart- remembrance of Allah
tongue - Ziqr of Allah
2. giving the rights of parents- treating them respectfully and nicely
3. fulfilling the obligations and rights of the blood relations and in-laws relations.
4. helping the needy people of the society.
5. speaking nicely to people i.e. without arrogance and telling them nice things which will help in promoting goodness in the society.
74. Then, after that, your hearts were hardened and became as stones or even worse in hardness. And indeed, there are stones out of which rivers gush forth, and indeed, there are of them (stones) which split asunder so that water flows from them, and indeed, there are of them (stones) which fall down for fear of Allah. And Allah is not unaware of what you do.
75. Do you (faithful believers) covet that they will believe in your religion inspite of the fact that a party of them (Jewish rabbis) used to hear the Word of Allah [the Taurat (Torah)], then they used to change it knowingly after they understood it?
76. And when they (Jews) meet those who believe (Muslims), they say, "We believe", but when they meet one another in private, they say, "Shall you (Jews) tell them (Muslims) what Allah has revealed to you [Jews, about the description and the qualities of Prophet Muhammad Peace be upon him , that which are written in the Taurat (Torah)] , that they (Muslims) may argue with you (Jews) about it before your Lord?" Have you (Jews) then no understanding?
77. Know they (Jews) not that Allah knows what they conceal and what they reveal?
78. And there are among them (Jews) unlettered people, who know not the Book, but they trust upon false desires and they but guess.
79. Then woe to those who write the Book with their own hands and then say, "This is from Allah," to purchase with it a little price! Woe to them for what their hands have written and woe to them for that they earn thereby.
80. And they (Jews) say, "The Fire (i.e. Hell-fire on the Day of Resurrection) shall not touch us but for a few numbered days." Say (O Muhammad Peace be upon him to them): "Have you taken a covenant from Allah, so that Allah will not break His Covenant? Or is it that you say of Allah what you know not?"
81. Yes! Whosoever earns evil and his sin has surrounded him, they are dwellers of the Fire (i.e. Hell); they will dwell therein forever.
82. And those who believe (in the Oneness of Allah - Islamic Monotheism) and do righteous good deeds, they are dwellers of Paradise, they will dwell therein forever.
83. And (remember) when We took a covenant from the Children of Israel, (saying): Worship none but Allah (Alone) and be dutiful and good to parents, and to kindred, and to orphans and Al-Masakin (the poor), and speak good to people [i.e. enjoin righteousness and forbid evil, and say the truth about Muhammad Peace be upon him ], and perform As-Salat (Iqamat-as-Salat), and give Zakat. Then you slid back, except a few of you, while you are backsliders.
Explanation
so far we have seen 3 prominent traits in the attitudes of Bani Israel:1. They went back on their promise and broke the convenant with Allah, openly refusing to believe His signs and ayats.
2. Pretending to be innocent they would engage in cunning plans in an attempt to fool Allah- example the saturday incident of the fishermen
3.engage in unnecessary questioning to avoid /delay the command - example the incident of the cow sacrifice
because of these three traits their hearts hardened like rocks infact even rocks provide some form of benefit but expecting any goodness from these people with such hard hearts was out of question. there are rocks from which springs of pure water gush out and then there are rocks which come rolling and tumbling down(landslides) in fear of God but the people who engage in the above mentioned acts have hearts harder than even the rocks but Allah is aware of their deeds and actions. He knows everything. This verse implies that even something as hard rocks fear Allah and bow down before Him but people who engage in such acts their hearts are even harder than the rocks so their attitude can be well imagined.
people with hard hearts are the farthest away from Allah.Soft hearted people who outwardly look strong but when the words of Allah are recited or when in remembrance of Allah their tears come out ( the first example - like there are stones out of which rivers gush forth). then there are people who are far from Allah but an incident or an accident opens up their hearts and brings them closer to Allah (the second example - indeed, there are of them (stones) which split asunder so that water flows from them). such incidents bring them on the right path and closer to Allah. and lastly there are people who outwardly seem arrogant but it comes to the Greatness of Allah and His Supremacy they become humble and bow down before Him (the third example - indeed, there are of them (stones) which fall down for fear of Allah).
very beautifully Allah explained the different attitudes of people by giving examples of rocks indicating that even the non living things have a certain level of understanding and intelligence and the man is the Ahsraful Makhlooqaat yet he acts so foolishly .Nothing is hidden from Allah but no incident not even the sacrifice of the cow (the sacrifice actually turned out to be a benefit for them as the actual murderer was revealed) opened their eyes and gain Hidayat (guidance). Rather they turned away.
Holy Prophet (pbuh) has said that to soften the hearts read the Quran regularly and remember death.
in the 2nd ayat Allah says that Bani Israel used to listen to the word of Allah through Torah,zaboor and Injeel and then they would change the words in it and ultimately their meaning. even though they understood and knew the truth yet their scholars would change the meanings for worldly benefits. So Allah says that how will they listen to the religion of Holy Prophet(pbuh) when they changed the meaning of their own religion. when this is what they did to their own religion then what will they do to the religion brought through someone from outside their tribe. today their books represent hardly any truth and even now every year a new version of their books come out implying constant changes to the original word of Allah.
there were some Munafiqs(hypocrites) among these yahoods. when they met the Muslims they claimed to be a staunch believer of their religion and when they met in private they would ask each other that are you telling the Muslims about that which Allah has told us? (this refers to the knowledge regarding the arrival of the Holy Prophet pbuh. The Bani Israel knew about this yet they refrained from telling the Muslims.) And they said to each other that don't tell the Arabs about this otherwise they will conflict against us (bani israel) in front of Allah that the Jews knew and did not tell the Arabs.
among these Bani Israel were some uneducated people as well who had no knowledge of the Torah and hence they were the easy preys to misguidance. they lived on their desires and their desires were derived from what the scholars had misguided them with like absolutely insane methods for "easy ways to get to Jannah", "free entry to Jannah" etc. through such false stories the scholars misguided the people claiming it to be the word of Allah. A severe consequence is for those who write the Book of Allah with their own meanings and then say its the word of Allah just for some insignificant worldly benefits.
these people gave priority to the word of the scholars as opposed to what Allah actually said in His Book. They blindly listened and believed and acted on what was told to them without trying to determine if its actually Allah's words. When the rich people of their nation came across some problem or difficulty they would bribe the scholars to give a solution or decision in their favour potraying it to be the word of Allah. the scholars would receive money for misguiding people like this.
The Bani Israel said that the hell fire wont touch them for more than a few days. some said that their life on this earth is for 7000 years so if they are supposed to go to hell then for every year they would go to Hell for just one day. Some said that they worshipped the calf for 40 days so they would go to Hell for 40 days because they were under the illusion that they are "the chosen people" so Hell wont touch them. So Allah asks them that has He promised them any such thing? If He has then He never goes against His promise but they need to show an evidence of what they say has been promised to them.
Allah then made it clear to them in the next two ayats that who will be the dwellers of the Heaven and the Hell, respectively. Allah says that whoever has earned evil and is surrounded by his sins then he will go to Hell and will stay there forever. On the other hand, those who believed and did good deeds will go to Heaven and will stay there forever.
in the last ayat Allah clarifies what exactly is meant by good deeds:
1. Ibadat through four means:
body - prayers, tawaaf
money- zakaat, sadqa
heart- remembrance of Allah
tongue - Ziqr of Allah
2. giving the rights of parents- treating them respectfully and nicely
3. fulfilling the obligations and rights of the blood relations and in-laws relations.
4. helping the needy people of the society.
5. speaking nicely to people i.e. without arrogance and telling them nice things which will help in promoting goodness in the society.
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